Hi all,

First of all my apologies if this has already been answered elsewhere, every time I put Transfer in the search field, it removes the T and looks for ransfer lol

These models definately like a hard drive, mine is almost full and I am considering purchasing a 4TB, could you just confirm for me is that all I would need to do is move the models folder to the new drive and change the path to the transfered model folder ?

Many Thanks

Only thing I will say is that formating a 4 TB HDD is different from a 2 TB HDD.

However if you do a google on you will find the instructions easy enough

here is one such site with a YouTube Clip
www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVP9WDEnTSs s

@Cartref Many thanks for the link to formatting the 4tb drive, I would not have had the faintest idea what to do with it :-)

My main concern is moving my models onto the new drive, I would ***** to lose them all.

Thx again

I didn't have any issue at all when I moved mine to an external drive. Just make sure you leave the VG program itself on your local drive (usually C:) and change the model/show card file location in your advanced settings (right under the "change skin" button).

@tirasleen Great Thanks. will go ahead and order the new drive.

@Cartref Did not need to do anything, pretty p*ssed it took half a TB off me though. ;-)

Worzel - 13 hour(s) ago
@Cartref Did not need to do anything, pretty p*ssed it took half a TB off me though. ;-)

Hard drives are sold with the capacity stated as defined by the Metric System.
For DOS / Windows, Formatted Capacity is defined by the Binary Byte Size.
FAT, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, GPT are all in Binary Bytes
( you must format as GPT for HD larger than 2TB )

Metric 1 K = 1000
Binary 1 K = 1024

Metric 1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000
Binary 1TB = 1,099,511,627,776

to convert metric TB to binary TB we need the Conversion Factor

1,000,000,000,000 / 1,099,511,627,776 = 0.909494...

0.909494... X 4,000,000,000,000 = 3,637,978,807,091

so a 4TB HD actually formats to about 3.6TB in Binary Bytes.


4,000,000,000,000 Metric Bytes is
3,637,978,807,091 Binary Bytes

Its been the way WA descibed it for a very long time. The bigger the dive the bigger the HDD, the bigger the "loss" 😭

you still actually have 4TB of individal bytes...
It's just with the Binary method of counting 1024's instead of 1000's
you don't get to 4,000,000,000,000 you only count up to 3,637,978,807,091

but it is still 4TB of individual bytes.

just like 100 decimal is only 64 in Hexadecimal.

Both are 100, just displayed in a different base.

1000 raised to the 4th power is 1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000
1024 raised to the 4th power is 1 TB = 1,099,511,627,776

http://knowledge.seagate.com/articles/en_US/FAQ/172191en?language=en_US

@Wyldannimal..lmao I haven't the faintest idea what you are talking about, way above my intelligence level, but thanks anyway :-)

@Worzel.: Hahaha. My brain ***** sometimes too. Let's go find Aunt Sally for a cup of tea and a slice of cake :D

Worzel - 8 hour(s) ago
@Wyldannimal..lmao I haven't the faintest idea what you are talking about, way above my intelligence level, but thanks anyway :-)

Thats ok..
Grab 10 tits, lick them one at a time.
each time you lick count by 1.

10 tits, one at a time, you count 10 times you licked them yummy tits.


now do it again, by this time squeeze them together, so you lick 2 tits at the same time, still only count by one for each lick.

10 tits, two at a time, you count 5 times you licked.
you still licked all 10 tits. just in less licks.
and you feel cheated.. You wanted 10 tit licks but at 2 at a time somehow you only got 5 licks.


now if you had 4,000,000,000,000 tits
you licked them 1000 at a time, you'd count to a full 4TB of tit licks
but if you lick them 1024 at a time you'd only count to 3.6TB of tit licks

still you licked all 4,000,000,000,000 tits, but you did it in fewer licks.

so the moral of the story is. go out and lick some tits.
damn my tongue *****..

Could you calculate that for those of us who prefer microboobs over terratits? :)

1024 kiloboobs per microboob; got it. 😛

@Wyldanimal I started licking 1 tit and got a slap across the face, her boyfriend wasn't too happy either ;-)

@HombreSinSombra Aunt Sally said the Crowman ate the last slice, I trust Aunt Sally what she said I does.:-)

Hello, just for info, 2To on Mac computer give 2To of space ;-) on Pc we have only 1.81To snifffff

Hahahaha! @Worzel.

Ok, a basic maths lesson using, erm, bases :)
Our normal system of counting uses base 10. This uses the numbers 1 thru 9 and the cypher, 0. So we have
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Our brains can handle this fairly easily. We are all taught this decimal system from an early age :)

Now, imagine other number systems that use less or more digits. Eg, Base 8 uses only the numbers, 1 to 7 and the cypher, 0.
In normal base 10, each digit going from right to left is multiplying by 10, skipping the first digit.. So when you see, 1,000 you are really seeing 10 x 10 x 10. The first position on the right could be a number up to 9. Add one more and then we have 10. This means that we now have one group of ten and no smaller numbers. Now, add 7 to this and we have 17. One group of ten plus 7 little ones. Let's add some more. 1024. This number means 10 x 10 x 10 plus 2 x 10 plus 4.

Ok. Now for the trickier stuff. Hexadecimal is base 16. This uses all of the digits, 0 thru 9 plus the letters, A,B,C,D,E,F. Why does it exist? Because computers can work much faster using this counting system as opposed to our standard base 10. Why is that? Well, because computers work using electronics and only know two states. ON and OFF. There is a current passing thru a memory node or not. Just like a lightswitch :) Base 16 or Hexadecimal works on multiples of 2. (This still means ON or OFF).

Now we come to base 2 or binary. Hexadecimal is just a multiple of 2. ie: 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16.
Base 2 only uses the number 1 and the cypher, 0. This is equivalent to being ON or OFF. Each point in a computer's memory is either ON or OFF at any given time. ALL computers use this binary system and all of the points stored in their memories are either ON or OFF.

So, for computers to work, they have to count in binary or base 2 maths. That's why 1 Terabyte = 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2, etc. = 1,099,511,627,776 Bytes:)

@HombreSinSombre Was following this until I ran out of fingers,going to keep coming back to it though, I will eventually get it :-) Thx

Even if the 4th power applied that wouldn't work for a binary conversion. 1024kb applies at MB level only. All other multiples are per 1000.

I'm not a math wiz, but unless it takes 1024b to make 1kb, 1024kb to make 1mb, a 1024 mb to make1gb, and a 1024 gb to make 1tb (which it doesn't), then you can't use 1024 to the 4th power for that conversion (which is what Seagate did).


phisics.nist.govExamples and comparisons with SI prefixesone kibibit 1 Kibit = 210 bit = 1024 bitone kilobit 1 kbit = 103 bit = 1000 bitone mebibyte 1 MiB = 220 B = 1 048 576 Bone megabyte 1 MB = 106 B = 1 000 000 Bone gibibyte 1 GiB = 230 B = 1 073 741 824 Bone gigabyte 1 GB = 109 B = 1 000 000 000 B

Historical context*
Once upon a time, computer professionals noticed that 210 was very nearly equal to 1000 and started using the SI prefix "kilo" to mean 1024. That worked well enough for a decade or two because everybody who talked kilobytes knew that the term implied 1024 bytes. But, almost overnight a much more numerous "everybody" bought computers, and the trade computer professionals needed to talk to physicists and engineers and even to ordinary people, most of whom know that a kilometer is 1000 meters and a kilogram is 1000 grams.Then data storage for gigabytes, and even terabytes, became practical, and the storage devices were not constructed on binary trees, which meant that, for many practical purposes, binary arithmetic was less convenient than decimal arithmetic. The result is that today "everybody" does not "know" what a megabyte is. When discussing computer memory, most manufacturers use megabyte to mean 220 = 1 048 576 bytes, but the manufacturers of computer storage devices usually use the term to mean 1 000 000 bytes. Some designers of local area networks have used megabit per second to mean 1 048 576 bit/s, but all telecommunications engineers use it to mean 106 bit/s. And if two definitions of the megabyte are not enough, a third megabyte of 1 024 000 bytes is the megabyte used to format the familiar 90 mm (3 1/2 inch), "1.44 MB" diskette. The ***** is real, as is the potential for incompatibility in standards and in implemented systems.Faced with this reality, the IEEE Standards Board decided that IEEE standards will use the conventional, internationally adopted, definitions of the SI prefixes. Mega will mean 1 000 000, except that the base-two definition may be used (if such usage is explicitly pointed out on a case-by-case basis) until such time that prefixes for binary multiples are adopted by an appropriate standards body.

Works fine if you call it a tebibyte drive 😉

OK, just to muddy the waters and having lived through most of this:

MOST OF THE EARLIEST COMPUTERS WERE NOT BINARY. The ENIAC which many feel was the first electronic digital computer was Biquinary! It's data bus handled one decimal digit at a time with a total of 7 lines the first 5 lines were mutually exclusive and represented the values 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Only one could be "high" at a time. The other two lines represent 5 and NOT 5. I have no Idea why they needed two lines but they did. If you think about it this is the encoding scheme used by a abacus. When I asked my professor who was part of the team that built the ENIAC why they didn't use straight binary, he told me it required fewer vacuum tubes and that made sense.

Until IBM announced the 360 in the mid 1960's the term byte did not have a fixed definition. Every computer had its own word size defined by the number of bits that could move in parallel. I think some scientific computers had word sizes up to about 100 bits and used binary arithmetic. However, many computers used decimal arithmetic not binary. The computer I learned to program on was an IBM 1620. It's word size was 12 bits and it could store one character or two decimal digits in a word. All arithmetic was decimal on that machine. Memory on the one I used was 40,000 12-bit words the biggest available was 60,000.

With the 360, IBM needed a flexible architecture that could scale up from smale computers to very large ones. They took the term byte which had been used as the equivalent to word size and defined it to be a fixed 8 bits. Various versions of the 360 could move one or more bytes in parallel at one time. That defintion became the defacto industry standard.

Once core memory became common, it quickly became clear that memory size was limited to the number of address lines in powers of 2. Using K = 1024 as a short-hand to describe the address space defined by the size of a computer's address register quickly became an industry standard and remains so today. It's easier to describe memory address size to non-technical pople using the binary type of KIloBye, MegaByte and so on than to talk about address register size. In 1999 the international standards organization defined standard terms for memory size like kibi, but few people use them.

Hard disks are not tied to address registers. They are organized into sectors and tracks and can be any size at all so using the binary K, M, etc makes no sense at all. The earliest hard disks were described in terms of the number of data words they held or in terms of the total number of bits.

There is an excellent Wiki article on this: https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Binary_prefix

Octal (base 8) and Hexadecimal (base 16) are simply ways of representing binary data in a more compact form. The DEC PDP-8 had 12 bit words which could be easily represented as 3 Octal digits. The IBM 360 had words that were one or more 8 bit bytes and a byte can be easily represented as 2 Hexadecimal digits. In either case the internal representation is binary. The exteral use of Octal or Hex is just a way to make the binary easier for humans to read.

I hope this made sense to you all.

Dorsai6 - 4 hour(s) ago
OK, just to muddy the waters and having lived through most of this:

I hope this made sense to you all.

Yes Perfectly..
But you never mentioned the Nibble.. Bytes are fun but Nibbles are better.

I know we are wondering way off the OP's topic...

Maybe you'll get this
What do all of these binary numbers have in common?
110
11100
111110000
1111111000000
1111111111111000000000000

110
11100
111110000
1111111000000
1111111111111000000000000

Hummm. More 1's than 0's. The number of 1's is one greater than the number of zeros. The value of each number is expressed by the equations n = (2^(i+1) - 1) * 2^i or n = 2^(2i+1) - 2^i where i is a positive integer. In your example the following values were used. I like the first equation better than the second.

i n
1 6
2 28
4 496
6 8128
12 33550336

Did I miss something? I calculated the first four by hand. Then I entered the formulal into a spreadsheet and let my Mac calculate the first 20 values. Unfortunately, I encountered an overflow at item 14.

A nibble is half a bite as any geek could tell you. So are you a big endian or a little endian? That used to be good for some ***** arguments before the Mac switched to Intel processors.

Ahh, close, but I thought my Perfectly comment would have given it away..

They are all Perfect numbers expressed in binary.

every even perfect number is represented in binary as p ones followed by p − 1 zeros:

So the first number is 2 ONES, followed by (2-1) Zeros
the second number is 3 ONES, followed by (3-1) Zeros

What is a Perfect number?
a perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive divisor, excluding itself
example:
6 is the first Perfect number.
it's divisors are 1, 2, 3
1 x 6 = 6
2 x 3 = 6
so we exclude the 6 in the 1 x 6 and we get 1,2,3 as it's divisors.
add them together 1+ 2+ 3 = 6
6 is a Perfect number
and in binary 6 is 110 or p ONES followed by p-1 Zeros

Also, Every Perfect number is One half the Sum of ALL of it Divisors..
for 6 we add them all up this time Including itself.
1,2,3,6 add them together 1+2+3+6 = 12, Half of 12 is 6

There are a few things about Perfect numbers in mathematics yet unproven.
Are there any Perfect ODD numbers?
Are there an Infinite Number of Perfect Numbers?
Do all Perfect Numbers have an ODD number of Binary Digits?
6 is 3 binary digits 110
28 is 5 binary digits 11100
496 is 9 binary digits 111110000
33550336 is 25 binary digits 1111111111111000000000000

there are only 48 known perfect numbers

Perfectly clear! ....... Now that you explain it.

Clearly if there are an infinity of perfect numbers, it will be on the order aleph null.

Re: Are there an Infinite Number of Perfect Numbers?

WAIT A SECOND! That question is trivial. As my equation showed, there is one even perfect number for every positive integer. Therefore, since there is an infinity of positive integers, there is an infinity of perfect numbers. Moreover, since the set of all positive integers is of order aleph null, the set of perfect numbers must be of the same order. Whether or not ODD perfect numbers exist doesn't matter in this case.

Regarding ODD perfect numbers 1 (one) is an odd perfect number and it fits my equation where i = 0. I have no idea if there are any other ODD perfect numbers or if there is an infiniite number of them. I'm an Engineer, not a Mathemitician.

Reminds me of a joke:

A group of phsychology researchers at a university hired a group of teaching assistants as test subjects. They told them it was a sleep experiment, but it really was to test reactions to an emergency. Each student was asked to have a good night's sleep. In the test room there was a night table next to the bed with a large carafe of water and a glass. In the middle of the night the researchers lit a fire in a trash can by the bed.

The first subject, an engineer, woke up, saw the fire, grabbed the carafe of water and dumped it on the fire. He went back to sleep.

The second subject, a physicist, woke up, saw the fire, thought a moment, poured the necessary amount from the carafe into the glass and poured that on the fire putting it out. He went back to sleep.

The subject, a mathematician, woke up, saw the firt, thougth a moment. Then he muttered "A solution exists" and when back to sleep.

*****

My addendum: If they had used a soldier are a test subject, he wouldn't have ***** any water. He would have pissed on it.

to date, only 48 perfect numbers have been found to exist.

1 is not a perfect number as it doesn't meet this rule.
a perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive divisor, excluding itself
1 x 1 = 1 but if you exclude itself, then there are no divisors to add together.

But it does meet the 2nd rule.
Every Perfect number is One half the Sum of ALL of it Divisors..
1 x 1 = 1, 1+ 1 = 2, 2/2 = 1
unfortunately , to be a perfect number it has to meet both rules.

This formula: 2^(2i+1) - 2^i, finds binary numbers were the Numbers of ONEs is one more then the number of trailing ZEROS
All of them are NOT perfect numbers.
First case:
i=3
then 2^(2i+1) - 2^i = 2^7- 2^3 = 120 = 1111000

120 is not a perfect number
find all its divisors
1 x 120
2 x 60
3 x 40
4 x 30
5 x 24
6 x 20
8 x 15
10 x 12

Test with the first rule:
1+2+3+4+5+6+8+10+12+15+20+24+30+40+60 = 240
Test with the 2nd Rule
1+2+3+4+5+6+8+10+12+15+20+24+30+40+60+120 = 360, 360/2 = 180
both rules fail.

The topic is face down in the mud back there somewhere. :)

to date, only 48 perfect numbers have been found to exist.

Ah! Now I understand. I can just imagine the computer resources needed to factor every number and test to see if it's perfect. I wonder how far they've tested? I would guess somewhere around 10 digits.